Constructive Alignment is a student-centered approach to curriculum design, which aims to ensure that the curriculum is designed to support student learning and achievement. It emphasizes the alignment between the intended learning outcomes, the teaching and learning activities, and the assessment tasks. It is based on the idea that teaching and learning should be designed to support the desired learning outcomes, rather than focusing solely on the content to be taught. (Biggs, 2003, Biggs & Tang, 2011).

Constructive alignment involves the following key components:

1. Intended Learning Outcomes: These are the specific knowledge, skills, and attitudes that students are expected to acquire through the curriculum. They should be clear, measurable, and aligned with the goals of the program or course.

2. Teaching and Learning Activities: These are the methods, strategies, and techniques used to facilitate learning. They should be designed to support the desired learning outcomes and align with the assessment tasks.

3. Assessment Tasks: These are the methods used to evaluate whether students have achieved the intended learning outcomes. They should be aligned with the learning outcomes and the teaching and learning activities.